File /proc/partitions contains list all the block devices and partitions that the system recognizes:
cat /proc/partitions
Then use file command to determine what kind of filesystem is the partition, if any:
file -s <device(e.g /dev/sda1)>
About the author
Xuan Ngo is the founder of OpenWritings.net. He currently lives in Montreal, Canada. He loves to write about programming and open source subjects.